Inner Asia as a Separate Entity :: miscellaneous

informal Asia as a Separate EntityThe concept of Eurasia is easily identified it is the combine bodies of some(prenominal) the European and Asian landmasses. However, a concept of Inner or Outer Eurasia is no so easily defined. Whether sub-regions are delineated by culture, geography, politics, or godliness is yet to be decided. Denis Sinor and David Christian are two authors that attempted to clarify the discrepancy of an Inner Asian border. Borders can be formed a fleck of ways. Rivers, mountain chains, and other geographic infrastructure can form visible boundaries. Australia is clearly its own continent based on its geography. However, borders can also be formed simply on the common characteristics of citizens culture. Inner Asia is a region that many westerners know little about. Both logocentrism (the separatrix towards literate sources and literate societies) and agrocentrism (the bias towards agrarian, urbanized civilizations) have shaped western knowledge (or lack ther eof) of this region. The Outer, sedentary civilizations of Eurasia were based on agrarian societies, whereas the Inner civilizations werent permitted this luxury, due to geographical circumstances. Therefore, economic liberty was a must for the sparsely populated Inner Asian societies. The peoples of Inner Asia survive one of two ways by migrating to feed sources (usually accompanied by raising livestock), and by subsistence-level land. These lifestyles, Denis Sinor claims, form a border between Inner and Outer Eurasia. The civilizations of Inner Asia were neer able to become immensely populated. This is because neither subsistence-level farming or nomadism result in large excesses of food, which is a necessity for a large population. Because of this, a unified army that could conquer surrounding (possible more fertile) areas could never be formed. The small amount of farming that is done in Inner Asia was in the steppe the other zones, the arctic tundra, the forest region (taig a), and the desert cannot provide food for a population large enough to muster the political power necessary to initiate conquest. Sinor suggests that Inner Asia is inarguably a unified region. However, the links which usually utilize together or create cultural entity - such as script, race, religion, language - played only a very moderate role as factors of tackiness. Instead, a common way of life is the main similarity that marked Inner Asia as decisively separate from Outer Asia. In order to survive, Inner Asian peoples had to either provide for themselves completely (which was difficult, as mentioned above), or to trade with more well endowed societies for what goods they could not produce.

William Golding’s main reason to explore the defects of human nature Es

William Goldings main reason to explore the defects of human beings nature in his novel Lord of the Flies is to portray the destruction caused when politeness is consumed byDEFECTS OF HUMAN NATUREWilliam Goldings main reason to explore the defects of human naturein his novel Lord of the Flies is to portray the destruction causedwhen civilization is consumed by the dark side of human nature. Healso wanted to divulge the reactions and behaviors of different typesof plenty under same situations. The four main defects of humannature that is explored in the novel be fear and insecurity,indolence (longing for excitement), being dependent on others andignorance towards reality. These defects make the boys join manual laborerstribe notwithstanding though Jack is selfish, quick-tempered and violent.Fear plays an important role not only in the novel but also in ourlives as it reflects upon our actions. Every mavin reacts differentlywhile experiencing fear or insecurity. Early in the nov el, Jackmentions that Weve got to have rules and obey them. After all, werenot savages. Were English and the English be best at everything. Soweve got to do the right things (Pg. 42). Later on, when Jack isasking the boys to raise their hands up if they dont want Ralph as achief, he endures humiliation as no one raised their hands. It is thefear of being ruled under Ralph which leads Jack to being the chief ofthe savages. Furthermore, when the littluns are afraid of the beastand tell Ralph about it, he denies it as there isnt a beast (Pg.35). This is one of the reasons why the boys left Ralph to join Jackstribe. Jack gave the boys a way to deal with their fear from thebeast. He told the littluns that fe... ... the only ones who take the signal fire seriously. Later on in thenovel, after(prenominal) the feast, Ralph admits that he is responsible forSimons death. Piggy refuses to believe it as It was dark and Itwas an accident (Pg. 173). Though deep inside, Piggy knows that itwas m urder. Similarly, there are many people in this world who refuseto accept the true facts no matter how obvious they are.As Golding grew up during the war periods, he witnessed these defectsof human nature. He explored these defects in the novel Lord of theFlies so that people can relate it to themselves, acknowledge theproblem and find solutions for it before civilization is consumed by swarthiness and ruled by savagery and fear. As mentioned earlier, hehopes that the world unites as soon as possible as he knows that thereis no one who can rescue this world from chaos and darkness.

Essay --

2.0 DESTINATION PROFILE SOUTH AFRICAOften called the rainbow nation, is a country filled with erratic fascinating and inspiring experiences, as it adjures a wide figure of speech natural landscape throughout the region, a wide variety of species, game provides as well as the diverse mix of people and culture It is one of the top leisure destinations in the world, with its rich diversity and culture, and picture. It remain as the close favoured destination in Africa as well financial strong hold of the region. The country is very much popular among tourists as it is well developed, in equipment casualty if infrastructure, activities and offers world class services. (Manyathi,. O, 2012) Figure 1.Map Location of South Africa http//mapsafrica.blogspot.chTable .1 ProvinceCAPITOLPROVINCESPROVINCESPretoriaEastern CapeNorthern CapeCapetownGautengWestern CapeBloemfontienKwazulu- originalFree StateMpumulangaLimpopo2.1 Main Attractions Visitor attractions are the most important aspect in tourism, as they are mainly the main motivating fixings of the visit. (Cooper, .C, 2012)There are wide variety offers the worlds, recognisable attractions that the destination offers ranging, fro ,beaches, wine routes and game viewing. The following is a list of most poplar attractions.Kruger National Park- The largest reserve in , located in Capetown that has the highest number of animals and species.2. Table Mountain- Overlooking the city of Capetown and the famous Robben Island, it serves as both a historical attraction and also offer a wide range of activities.3. Drakensburg Mountain- A popular destination as it is the highest mountain range in Southen Africa as well as the highest cliff in the world.4. Durban beaches-They provide an e... ...ect investments (F.D.I) rose as compared to the 1990s, recorded at 9 billion in 2008 and then declining in the following year.In 2012 F D.I decreased by 24% dropping from 6.04 billion in 2011 to 4.57 in 2012.However outflows of inves tment in increased from a negetive 257million to 2011$4.37billion in 2012 when investment totalled $82.37 billionINTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOURISM postulate AND SUPPLY.Tourism demand governs the level of demand, the spatial characteristics of demand the tourists motives for doing such decisions In South Africa tourism will continuously growand offer a wide range of products .0http//www.southafrica.nethttp//www.statssa.gov.za/ublications/Report-03-51-02/Report-03-51-022012.pdfhttp//www.gauteng.net/attractions/entry/apartheid_museum/http//www.southafrica.net/uploads/legacy/1/528609/2011_Annual_Report_v9_06072012.pdf

The Struggles Of A Leader :: essays research papers

In 1965 Malcolm X, one of the greatest black attractions in America, published his register with the help of Alex Haley, a former writer for the Washington Post. In this memoir Malcolm tells of the many struggles he had to endure in his lifetime. Things such as hate crimes, drugs, and prison. The autobiography begins with an incident his mother (Louise Little) told him about that occurred while she was still pregnant with him. What happened was that a group of hooded Klans-men galloped to his parents house in search of his father (Reverend Earl Little). They circled around the house with their sozzled rifles shouting threats and saying that the good Christian white people were not going to stand for his fathers spreading trouble among the good Negroes of Omaha with the backwards to Africa preachings of Marcus Garvey. They then circle ride around the house and smash in the windows with the butts of their guns. Malcolm was born shortly after on May 15, 1925. Then the book goes t hrough with(predicate) his whole life from the time he was a mere boy to when he was an irresponsible teenager to the time when he was a civil rights leader as an adult. So in other words the book follows his life in chronological order. I find that this made the book more sweet to read and easier to understand. This is because books in which they jump around in a persons life it gets very confusing and then you dont cut what happened. So I feel this book was very well organized in that it helps you understand whats going on by telling the events in order.I feel that the purpose of Malcolm Xs autobiography is to give people a vivid description of the life and times of the most arguable leader of the Civil Rights Movement in America, it also gives a ringside view of the events that occurred in and outside America.

Death in Do Not Go Gentle, City Cafeteria, Death Shall Have no Dominion

final stage in Do Not Go Gentle into That full Night, City Cafeteria, And Death Shall rush no Dominion and Grandparents Death is a highly personal event. It affects each of us differently. It affected Peter Kocans man in the City Cafeteria by make him look empty and disoriented. It affected Dylan Thomas by making him think about what there was afterward, and what you could do to avoid it. Death even affected Robert Lowell by making him realise how much it changed his life. I, fortunately, seem to have avoided death in umpteen ways, but also have been moved(p) by it, even recently. art object preparing for this essay, ironically, one of my family pets died. It was a chicken named Ellephante, which belonged to my younger infant. I didnt dwell what to think. I dont think, even now, several days later, that I pure tone the chicken has gone. I ponder Im denying it. I constantly revisit, in my mind, the multiplication I went into my back yard to be greeted with a flutter of wi ngs and a white body travel down the hill to greet me. I imagine this feeling to be similar to the one expressed in Grandparents, by Robert Lowell. He feels, as he walks around the farm, which now belongs to him, certain pangs of loneliness, of missing his grandparents. subtile things set him off - the gramophone and the billiard table with the coffee stain. Small things still set my sister off - going up to the chook shed to feed the remaining chooks, or looking out the window and not see that other white radiation pattern we came to know and love as Ellephante. Taken before its time (the next-door dog is undoubtably the culprit), I do not feel that Ellephante went spicy into that good night. Ellephante was a gamey chicken, always very vocal and very affectionate and tame... ...I look to death as Dylan Thomas does - as a natural progression from life. I dont know quite what I believe in - almost days its reincarnation, some days its a very scientific returning to a articul ate of atoms in different forms, some days (when Im upset) its just being buried and then it stops, some days its being interpreted from this world to another. I dont know that I believe in a Heaven or Hell, as such, but its nice to think about it some times. Unlike so many people I know, I dont fear death - I used to, but I have come to tackle it as an inevitable rive of life, which everyone will have to face. I just know that when its my time to depart, I want people to remember the good times and not to dwell on the bad. It is as natural to die as to be born and to a little infant, perhaps, the one is as painful as the other. Francis Bacon - Essays Of Death Death in Do Not Go Gentle, City Cafeteria, Death Shall Have no DominionDeath in Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night, City Cafeteria, And Death Shall Have no Dominion and Grandparents Death is a highly personal event. It affects each of us differently. It affected Peter Kocans man in the City Cafeteria by m aking him look empty and disoriented. It affected Dylan Thomas by making him think about what there was afterward, and what you could do to avoid it. Death even affected Robert Lowell by making him realise how much it changed his life. I, fortunately, seem to have avoided death in many ways, but also have been touched by it, even recently. While preparing for this essay, ironically, one of my family pets died. It was a chicken named Ellephante, which belonged to my younger sister. I didnt know what to think. I dont think, even now, several days later, that I feel the chicken has gone. I suppose Im denying it. I constantly revisit, in my mind, the times I went into my back yard to be greeted with a flutter of wings and a white body racing down the hill to greet me. I imagine this feeling to be similar to the one expressed in Grandparents, by Robert Lowell. He feels, as he walks around the farm, which now belongs to him, certain pangs of loneliness, of missing his grandparents. Small things set him off - the gramophone and the billiard table with the coffee stain. Small things still set my sister off - going up to the chook shed to feed the remaining chooks, or looking out the window and not seeing that other white shape we came to know and love as Ellephante. Taken before its time (the next-door dog is undoubtably the culprit), I do not feel that Ellephante went gentle into that good night. Ellephante was a feisty chicken, always very vocal and very affectionate and tame... ...I look to death as Dylan Thomas does - as a natural progression from life. I dont know quite what I believe in - some days its reincarnation, some days its a very scientific returning to a state of atoms in different forms, some days (when Im upset) its just being buried and then it stops, some days its being taken from this world to another. I dont know that I believe in a Heaven or Hell, as such, but its nice to think about it some times. Unlike so many people I know, I dont fear death - I used to, but I have come to accept it as an inevitable part of life, which everyone will have to face. I just know that when its my time to depart, I want people to remember the good times and not to dwell on the bad. It is as natural to die as to be born and to a little infant, perhaps, the one is as painful as the other. Francis Bacon - Essays Of Death

Death in Do Not Go Gentle, City Cafeteria, Death Shall Have no Dominion

oddment in Do non Go Gentle into That Good Night, City Cafeteria, And Death Shall Have no soil and Grandparents Death is a highly personal as yett. It affects each of us variedly. It alter Peter Kocans man in the City Cafeteria by making him look eject and disoriented. It affected Dylan Thomas by making him think about what there was afterward, and what you could do to avoid it. Death even affected Robert Lowell by making him catch how much it changed his life. I, fortunately, seem to confound avoided death in many ways, but also have been touched by it, even recently. While preparing for this essay, ironically, one of my family pets died. It was a chicken named Ellephante, which belonged to my younger sister. I didnt k straight what to think. I dont think, even now, several days later, that I feel the chicken has gone. I suppose Im denying it. I unceasingly revisit, in my mind, the times I went into my back yard to be greeted with a flutter of wings and a uninfected au tomobile trunk racing down the pitcher to greet me. I imagine this feeling to be similar to the one expressed in Grandparents, by Robert Lowell. He feels, as he walks around the farm, which now belongs to him, certain pangs of loneliness, of missing his grandparents. Small things treated him off - the gramophone and the billiard table with the coffee stain. Small things still set my sister off - pass up to the chook shed to feed the remaining chooks, or looking out the window and not seeing that other white shape we came to know and chouse as Ellephante. Taken before its time (the next-door dog is undoubtably the culprit), I do not feel that Ellephante went gentle into that good night. Ellephante was a feisty chicken, always real vocal and very affectionate and tame... ...I look to death as Dylan Thomas does - as a innate(p) rise from life. I dont know quite a what I take in - some days its reincarnation, some days its a very scientific returning to a state of atoms in dif ferent forms, some days (when Im upset) its just being buried and then it stops, some days its being taken from this world to another. I dont know that I believe in a Heaven or Hell, as such, but its nice to think about it some times. Unlike so many people I know, I dont fear death - I used to, but I have come to accept it as an unavoidable part of life, which everyone will have to face. I just know that when its my time to depart, I want people to remember the good times and not to remain on the bad. It is as natural to die as to be born and to a little infant, perhaps, the one is as painful as the other. Francis Bacon - Essays Of Death Death in Do Not Go Gentle, City Cafeteria, Death Shall Have no DominionDeath in Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night, City Cafeteria, And Death Shall Have no Dominion and Grandparents Death is a highly personal event. It affects each of us differently. It affected Peter Kocans man in the City Cafeteria by making him look empty an d disoriented. It affected Dylan Thomas by making him think about what there was afterward, and what you could do to avoid it. Death even affected Robert Lowell by making him realise how much it changed his life. I, fortunately, seem to have avoided death in many ways, but also have been touched by it, even recently. While preparing for this essay, ironically, one of my family pets died. It was a chicken named Ellephante, which belonged to my younger sister. I didnt know what to think. I dont think, even now, several days later, that I feel the chicken has gone. I suppose Im denying it. I constantly revisit, in my mind, the times I went into my back yard to be greeted with a flutter of wings and a white body racing down the hill to greet me. I imagine this feeling to be similar to the one expressed in Grandparents, by Robert Lowell. He feels, as he walks around the farm, which now belongs to him, certain pangs of loneliness, of missing his grandparents. Small things set him off - th e gramophone and the billiard table with the coffee stain. Small things still set my sister off - going up to the chook shed to feed the remaining chooks, or looking out the window and not seeing that other white shape we came to know and love as Ellephante. Taken before its time (the next-door dog is undoubtably the culprit), I do not feel that Ellephante went gentle into that good night. Ellephante was a feisty chicken, always very vocal and very affectionate and tame... ...I look to death as Dylan Thomas does - as a natural progression from life. I dont know quite what I believe in - some days its reincarnation, some days its a very scientific returning to a state of atoms in different forms, some days (when Im upset) its just being buried and then it stops, some days its being taken from this world to another. I dont know that I believe in a Heaven or Hell, as such, but its nice to think about it some times. Unlike so many people I know, I dont fear death - I used to, but I hav e come to accept it as an inevitable part of life, which everyone will have to face. I just know that when its my time to depart, I want people to remember the good times and not to dwell on the bad. It is as natural to die as to be born and to a little infant, perhaps, the one is as painful as the other. Francis Bacon - Essays Of Death

Mango Juice Marketting

A PROJECT stem ON MARKET STUDY OF MANGO JUICE IN HINDUSTHAN COCA COLA BEVERAGES PVT. LTD PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE OSMANIA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION D E C L A R A T I O N I XXX student of Master of Business Management, XXX College, here by that the cipher report entitle MARKET STUDY OF MANGO JUICE Has been carried protrude at Hindusthan coca plant Cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd submitted in partial fulfillment for the Masters Degree in Business Administration in the result of my testify work and is original.I occupy non submitted this project to any separate university or college for the award of any cutting(prenominal) degree or Diploma. XXXX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express my sense of pro fix gratitude to the Management of Hindustan Coca pinhead Beverages Pvt. Ltd, Ameenpur. For giving me this opportunity to conduct a canvas on Training and Development in their esteemed organization. My sincere thanks to XXXX (Hu man resource Manager), Hindustan coca cola bevargonge Pvt. Ltd, Ameenpur. For permitting me to pursue this project. I would like to express my gratitude to XXXX (Sales Manager), Hindustan Coca cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd, Ameenpur.For providing his valuable time, suggestions and remain firm for completing my project work successfully. I am extremely grateful to XXXX, Hindustan Coca cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd, Ameenpur. For his support during the preparation of the project report. His longanimity and invaluable guidance hasten turn up to be truly precious without which project would non be completed. I am thankful to our Principal XXXX. and likewise convey my thanks to our faculty members for their support. Lastly, I am indebted to the friends and exit-wishers who have extended their support to me during the project. XXXX INDEX PAGE NO CHAPTER-1 ? INTRODUCTION6-7 INDUSTRY indite IN INDIA9-10 CHAPTER-2 ? NEED FOR THE STUDY12-13 ? SCOPE FOR THE STUDY15-17 ? OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY19 ? RESEARCH METHODOLOGY21-24 ? LIMITATION OF THE STUDY26 CHAPTER-3 ? COMPANY PROFILE28-60 CHAPTER-4 ? DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION63-73 CHAPTER-5 ? SUGGESTION75 ? CONCLUSION77 ? FINDINGS79 ? QUESTIONNAIRE 81-83 ? BIBLOGRAPHY85 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Marketing in simple terms hobo be said to be A human activity directed at satisfied needs and wants through with(predicate) an exchange process. Marketing as a playing periodctional area of charge is be approach path extremely important as compared to otherwise fields.All decisions in modern vexation organization revolve around nurture related with trade decision making situations, which are characterized by Distri providedion Strategy, Channel members and Product decisions. The Product Decisions, customers assess a products jimmy by looking at many concomitantors including those that surround the product. In a constantly changing business and commercialise scenario, maintaining the channel members becomes mor e than challenging in such(prenominal) a situation completely innovative technology, good product and committed wad, ac family can take the lead over its competitors.Coca-cola ltd has differentiated itself from its competitors and providing the numerate value for m wholenessy to its customers. Coca-cola ltd has integrated all the features to offer a value for its products. Value for the product and services refers to the quality of product and services offered to the customers. Several border features can be promptly influenced by channel members, such as customer service, delivery, and availability. Consequently, a channel partner involves a value analysis in the same way customers make purchase decisions.This area becomes the or so important from the corporation as good as customer point of view. This helps the society to roll in the hay better their customers and provide them with what they are expecting. Market The set of all actual and potential buyers of a product o r service. Marketing A social and managerial process whereby individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. Marketing Management The art and science of choosing target merchandises and building profitable relationships with them. Customer outrageThe extent to which a products per holdance matches a buyers expectations. Marketing Mix The set of controllable tactical market place placeing tools product, price, place, and advancement that the firm blends to promote the response it wants in the target market. Developing the marketing Mix once the company have decided on its overall free-enterprise(a) marketing strategy, it is ready to begin planning the details of the marketing mix, one of the study concepts in modern marketing. The marketing mix is the set of controllable, tactical marketing tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market.INDUSTRY PROFILE INDUSTRY PROFILE IN INDIA OUR COUNTRY WITH APOPULATION OF 100 crores as on 2001. Is potentially one of the largest consumer market in the creative activity the mushy beverages market is the one among the various markets in India . Soft drinks is product, which the consumer purchases to quench his thirst, the junior-grade factor such as taste, healthy conditions of storage and social status influenced the consumers purchasing decision. Soft Drink scenario in India The spongy drinks market till early 1990s was in hands of domestic players like Campa Thums up limca etc . ut with outspokening up of economy and the entry of MNC players Pepsi and coca -cola, the market as come totally under their control plot of ground institution wide coca cola is the leader in change drinks market, in India it is Pepsi which scored over coca cola . Coca cola, which had winded up its Indian operations during the introduction of FERA regime, reentered in India 16 familys later in 1993. Coca cola acquired a ma jor chunk of the blue drink market by buying out local cracks Thumps Up. Limca and Gold Spot from Parle Beverages. Pepsi, although started a couple of years efore Coca cola in 1991, has a lower market deal out today. It has bought over Mumbai based Dukes range of kooky drinks brand names . Pepsi has been targeting its products towards youth and it has stuck practiced chord with the sales have been doing well by sticking to the is youth brand wagon Soft drinks are available in glass bottles, aluminum cans and pet bottles for home wasting disease. Fountains to a fault dispense them in disposable containers. fleck 80% of the consumption is impulse based outside home 20% comes from consumption at home. This trend is slowly changing with increase in amour led sales.The market is slowly moving from Non-Alcoholic Carbonated drinks to fruit based drinks and in any case to plain bottles water due to lower cost and ready availability. Per large(p) consumption in India is among l owest in the world at 7 bottles per annum compared to 15 bottles in Pakistan, 89 in china and 1500 bottles in USA. Market has highest per capita consumption in the commonwealth with 50 bottles per annum compared to 5 bottles for the country. While 75% of the PET bottle consumption is in urban areas and the 200 ml bottles sales are higher in rural areas.According to the NCAER survey, lower lower middle and upper middle class mess do 90% of the total consumption of emollient drinks in the country. Soft drinks market size of FY05 was around 320 million cases (7680million bottles). The market, which was witnessing 5% to 6% ontogeny in the early 1990s and even slower process at around 2-3% in late80s. stick inly the market growth rate is around 7-8% per annum. The market preference is highly regional based. While the cola drinks have main markets in metro cities and Northern countrys of UP, Punjab, Haryana, etc. orange flavored drinks are popular in gray states.Sodas are also so ld largely in southern sates, besides sales through bars. Western markets have preference towards mango-flavored drinks diet coca cola constituted just 0. 7% of the total carbonated boozing market. A nonher particular feature of the market is that of positioning and targeting of various brands. While cola based brand of coca cola is targeted at teenagers and is positioned as refreshment for mind and body . its Thums Up brand is targeted at people in age group of 20-29yrars, positioned as thing for adventure-loving successful and macho psyche NEED FOR THE STUDY NEED FOR STUDYAs retailer, each of has a vast number of perceptions toward products, toward services, toward company or industry, etc. It is difficult to imagine in any enquiry project that does not overwhelm the measurement of whatsoever aspects of retailers s perceptions. The size of the market is vast and constantly expanding, and then resulting in a vast number of competitors entering the market. Billions of dollars w ere being spent on goods and services by tens of millions of people. The growth of the retailers movements created urgent need to understand how competitors form strategies and capture the market share and take strategic decisions.For example, in order to discover how retailers respond to the promotional offer, advertisement and diffusion or service. (E. g. promotional appeals, piece of ground labels, warranties, discounts, etc. ). The study of retailers perception and market share would provide the company with necessary insights to develop the product, its pricing strategy, and to design persuasive promotional strategy, distribution system and develop defensive strategies and elimination strategies to remove the competitors product from the market or several(prenominal) promotional strategies to increase the market share of particular products and brands.It would also support the organization to analyze its drawbacks in its various strategies and to take corrective action to re main as market leaders. The study will also reveal the different aspects of retailers perception regarding price, quality, range, availability, and advertisements of the products. The need for the study is very essential as the competition in the velvety drink and water segment is ever increasing. Competitors are mainly struggling to shutdown the market by capturing its market share. The competitors are coming up with sales promotion and incentives to get by with this Maaza.SCOPE FOR THE STUDY SCOPE FOR STUDY The scope of the study is limited. The study is a very minor contribution to the company as it is only restricted to the twin cities (Borabanda and Kodapur). The study would only be a drop in the ocean, Can help the distribution in this area. The study can be conducted on a national basic too with a large sample size and interviewing many numbers of respondents. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS Retailer Retailer is a per word of honor or business who sells products to the public. scr atch Brand refers to the identification of the product given by the manufacturer. Brand LoyaltyBrand loyalty refers to the continuous and recurrent purchase of a particular brand without any wavering purchase pattern. Respondent Respondent is a person who is being interviewed for the purpose of conducting the study. Market share The amount that a company sells of its products or services compared with other companies selling the same things Promotional Activities Promotional activities include advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, and publicity, which have their own characteristics and cost but have common object glassives of achieving high sales by creating awareness.Incentives Offer of an article at frees of cost or less price of the market can be termed as incentives. Interviewee A person who is answerable to the interviewer of the proposed questions. Interviewer A person who carries on investigation for the purpose of achieving the objectives of the project. Sample T he selection of set of people from the total population for the purchase of carrying on the investigation. Survey It refers to the questionnaire administered to the subject who is identified from the population with the help of probability or non-probability take.Questionnaire It refers to the set of questions that are framed to be answered by the respondents for the purpose of achieving the research objectives. In questionnaires thither are 2 types structured and unstructured. There are quatern types of questions in a questionnaire on open ended questions, closed ended questions, disguised and interrogative questions. Brand awareness Knowing brand knowing that particular brand exists and is important being raise in particular brand brand awareness refers to the consumer awareness of the particular brand. Brand NameThe name given to a product by the company that produces it. brand name is nothing but the name and value of the brand. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ? To know the retailers perception on maaza tetra pack. ? To know the brand image among fruit drinks. ? To know the retailers satisfaction levels towards maaza. ? To study the customer preferences and choice in various juice brands ? To identify the problems of distribution ? To analyze the sales of competitors products in various outlets ? To know the most preferred size and quantity in juice brands by retail outletsMETHODOLOGY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design Once the problem is identified, the next step is the research design. Research design is the basic framework of rest of the study. A research design specifies the methods and procedures for conducting particular study. In this project we are following descriptive research design. Source of Data There are two types of data 1. chief(a) data 2. Secondary data Primary Data The primary data is fresh information sucked for a stipulate study. The primary data can be gathered by observational, experimentation and survey method .Here the entire scheme of plan starts with the definition of various terms apply, units to be employed, type of enquiry to be conducted, extent of accuracy aimed etc. , The methods ordinarily used for the collection of primary data are 1. Direct personal investigation, where the data is collected by the investigator from the sources concerned. 2. Indirect oral interviews, where the interview is conducted directly or indirectly concerned with subject matter of the enquiry. 3. Information received through local agencies, which are appointed by the investigator. 4.Mailed questionnaire method, here the method consists in preparing a questionnaire (a list of questions relating to the field of enquiry and providing space for the answers to be filled by the respondents. ), which is mailed to the respondents with a request for quick response with in the specified time. In this project mailed questionnaire method is used to collect the primary data. Secondary Data The secondary data refer s to data, which already exists. The secondary data collect from internal records, business magazines, company websites and refreshedspapers. Research instrumentsFor the collection of primary data a structured questionnaire was prepared covering various aspects of the study. The questionnaire contains closed-ended and dichotomous questions. Sampling cognitive operation It is a procedure required from defining a population to the actual selection of the sample. Introduction The precision and accuracy of the survey results are affected by the manner in which the sample has been chosen. Sample A part of a population, which is provided by some process on other, usually by deliberated selection with the object of investigating the properties of the parent population set.Non probability sampling method is in deterministic method where the sample size in numerous and cant be determined. So for our convenience we take convenience-sampling method where all the population in sample is given jibe opportunity. Sampling Method Convenience sampling method. Statistical Tools Used Weighted Arithmetic Mean. Weighted Arithmetic Mean is based on the assumption that all the items in the distribution are of equal importance. Here the weights are attached to each item being proportional to the importance of the item in the distribution.Let W1, W2, W3, Wn be the weights attached to variable values X1,X2,X3, Xn respectively then weighted arithmetic means X is given by ? WX/? W where W1, W2 Wn are the respective weights of X1, X2, Xn. 1. Population Retailers in Borabanda and kondapur. 2. Source of data The two important sources of data are the primary data and secondary data. The primary data is collected through survey method with the help of questionnaire and personal interview. The secondary data is been collected from consumer attitude books. 3. The information is collected through survey done in Borabanda and kondapur 4.Sample unit The sample unit consists of retailers in Bo rabanda and kondapur 5. Sample size The sample size is 120 respondents. 6. The sample taken for the study caters to upper class and middle class of the society. 7. Sample method the sample method used is non-probability. In non-probability sampling the chance of any particulars unit in the population being selected unknown. a. Procedure the procedure used for sampling is convenient sampling in this method the sample unit is chosen primarily on the basics of the convenience to the investigator. 8.The survey consists of structured questionnaire. 9. The questionnaire consists of both open and closed-ended questions LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY LIMITATIONS The study was limit to limited consumers only The duration of the study was restricted for 8 weeks only, which is not sufficient to study the entire consumers in the market. The analysis can not be straight away used in decision making, as simple is very small when compared to the total consumers in the market. The present study deal s with coca-cola-brand. COMPANY PROFILE COCA-COLA PROFILEThe company actually produces concentrate for Marco, which is then sold to various Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially-exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in gang with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, conk out and merchandise Coca-Cola in cans and bottles to retail stores and vending machines. Such bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the star largest Coca-Cola bottler in North America and Europe.The Coca-Cola follow also sells concentrate for flush sales to major restaurants and food service distributors. The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the speed of light brand name. The most famous of these is aliment Coke, which has become a major diet cola but others exist, including Caffeine free Coke, Cherry Coke, Coke Zero, Vanilla Coke and lim ited editions with so-and-so and with lime, and even with java. The Coca-Cola Company owns and markets other soft drinks that do not carry the Coca-Cola branding, such as Sprite, Fanta, and others. The Las Vegas man of Coca-Cola museum in 2000The branch recipe Coca-Cola was invented in Atlanta, Georgia, by John S. Pemberton, originally as a coca wine called Pembertons cut Wine Coca in 1885. 12 He may have been inspired by the formidable success of European Angelo Marianis coca wine, Vin Mariani. In 2007, when Ging Mo Tuen and Fulton County passed Prohibition legislation, Pemberton responded by developing Coca-Cola, essentially a carbonated, non-alcoholic interpretation of French Wine Cola. 3 The deglutition was named Coca-Cola because, originally, the stimulant mixed in the beverage was coca leaves from South America.In addition, the drink was flavored using kola nut (Cola) nuts, the beverages source of caffeine. 4 Pemberton called for five ounces of coca leaf per gallon of syrup, a significant dose, whereas, in 1891, Candler telephone called his law (altered extensively from Pembertons original) contained only a tenth of this amount. Coca-Cola did once contain an estimated nine milligrams of cocaine per glass but later 1903 Coca-Cola started using, preferably of fresh leaves, spent leaves the leftovers of the cocaine-extraction process with cocaine trace levels left over at a molecular level. 56 However, as cocaine is one of numerous alkaloids present in the coca leaf, it was nevertheless present in the drink. at present, the flavoring is still done with kola nuts and the spent coca leaf. In the United States, there is only one plant (in saucily Jersey) authorized by the Federal Government to grow the coca plant for Coca-Cola syrup manufacture. 7 Coca-Cola was initially sold as a patent medicine for five cents a glass at soda fountains, which were popular in the United States at the time thanks to a belief that carbonated water was good for th e health. 8 Pemberton claimed Coca-Cola cured a myriad of diseases, including morphine addiction, dyspepsia, neurasthenia, headache, and impotence. The first sales were make at Jacobs Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 8, 1886, and for the first eight months only nine drinks were sold each day. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 of the same year in the Atlanta Journal. By 1888, iii versions of Coca-Cola sold by three separate businesses were on the market. Asa Griggs Candler acquired a stake in Pembertons company in 1887 and unified it as the Coca Cola Company in 1888.The same year, while suffering from an ongoing addiction to morphine, Pemberton sold the rights a second time to four more businessmen J. C. Mayfield, A. O. Murphy, C. O. Mullahy and E. H. Bloodworth. Meanwhile, Pembertons alcoholic son Charley Pemberton began selling his own version of the product. In an attempt to clarify the situation, John Pemberton declared that the name Coca-Co la belonged to Charley, but the other two manufacturers could continue to use the legislation. So, in the summer of 1888, Candler sold his beverage under the names Yum Yum and Koke.After both failed to catch on, Candler set out to establish a legal claim to Coca-Cola in late 1888, in order to promote his two competitors out of the business. Candler purchased exclusive rights to the formula from John Pemberton, Margaret Dozier and Woolfolk Walker. However, in 1914, Dozier came forward to claim her signature on the bill of sale had been forged, and subsequent analysis has indicated John Pembertons signature was most likely a forgery as well. In 1892, Candler bodied a second company, The Coca-Cola Company (the current corporation), and in 1910 Candler had the earliest records of the ompany burned, further obscuring its legal origins. Regardless, Candler began marketing the product the efficiency of this concerted advertising campaign would not be realized until much later. By the t ime of its 50th anniversary, the drink had reached the status of a national icon for the USA. In 1935 it was certified kosher by Rabbi Tobias Geffen, after the company made minor changes in the sourcing of some ingredients. Coca-Cola was sold in bottles for the first time on March 12, 1894, and cans of Coke first appeared in 1955. 14 The first bottling of Coca-Cola occurred in Vicksburg, Mississippi, at the Biedenharn Candy Company in 1891. Its proprietor was Joseph A. Biedenharn. The original bottles were Biedenharn bottles, very different from the much later hobble-skirt design that is now so familiar. Asa Candler was tentative about bottling the drink, but the two entrepreneurs who proposed the idea were so persuasive that Candler signed a contract giving them control of the procedure. However, the loosely termed contract proved to be baffling for the company for decades to come.Legal matters were not helped by the decision of the bottlers to subcontract to other companies in ef fect, becoming parent bottlers. pic New Coke stirred up a controversy when it replaced the original Coca-Cola in 1985. Coca-Cola Classic was reinstated within a few months of New Cokes introduction into the market. In 1985, Coca-Cola, amid much publicity, attempted to change the formula of the drink. Some authorities believe that New Coke, as the reformulated drink was called, was invented specifically to respond to its commercial competitor, Pepsi.Double-blind taste tests indicated that most consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which had more lemon oil, less orange oil, and used vanillin quite than vanilla) to Coke. In taste tests, drinkers were more likely to respond positively to sweeter drinks, and Pepsi had the advantage over Coke because it was much sweeter. Coca-Cola tinkered with the formula and created New Coke. Follow-up taste tests revealed that most consumers preferred the taste of New Coke to both Coke and Pepsi. The reformulation was led by the then-CEO of the comp any, Roberto Goizueta, and the president father Keough.It is un finish up what part long-time company president Robert W. Woodruff played in the reformulation. Goizueta claimed that Woodruff endorsed it a few months before his death in 1985 others have pointed out that, as the two men were alone when the matter was discussed, Goizueta efficiency have misinterpreted the wishes of the dying Woodruff, who could speak only in monosyllables. It has also been alleged that Woodruff might not have been able to understand what Goizueta was reassureing him. Citation needed The commercial failure of New Coke therefore came as a grievous blow to the management of the Coca-Cola Company.It is possible that customers would not have noticed the change if it had been made secretly or gradually and thus brand loyalty could have been maintained. Coca-Cola management was unprepared, however, for the desirous sentiments the drink aroused in the American public some compared changing the Coke formula to rewriting the American Constitution. The Coca-Cola Company is the worlds largest consumer of earthy vanilla extract. When New Coke was introduced in 1985, this had a serious impact on the economy of Madagascar, a prime vanilla exporter, since New Coke used vanillin, a less-expensive man-made substitute.Purchases of vanilla more than halved during this period. But the flop of New Coke brought a recovery. Meanwhile, the market share for New Coke had dwindled to only 3% by 1986. The company renamed the product Coke II in 1992 (not to be confused with Coke C2, a reduced-sugar cola launched by Coca-Cola in 2004). However, sales falloff caused a severe cutback in distribution. By 1998, it was sold in only a few places in the Midwestern U. S. primary(prenominal) article Coca-Cola formula The exact formula of Coca-Cola is a famous trade secret.The original copy of the formula is held in SunTrust Banks main vault in Atlanta. Its predecessor, the Trust Company, was the underwriter for the Coca-Cola Companys initial public offering in 1919. A popular myth states that only two executives have access to the formula, with each executive having only half the formula. The truth is that while Coca-Cola does have a rule restricting access to only two executives, each knows the entire formula and others, in addition to the prescribed duo, have known the formulation process. Franchised output signal ModelThe actual production and distribution of Coca-Cola follows a franchising model. The Coca-Cola Company only produces a syrup concentrate, which it sells to various bottlers throughout the world who hold Coca-Cola franchises for one or more geographical areas. The bottlers produce the final drink by mixing the syrup with filtered water and sugar (or artificial sweeteners) and fill it into cans and bottles, which the bottlers then sell and distribute to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food service distributors. 20The Coca-Cola Company owns minority shares in some of its largest franchisees, like Coca-Cola Enterprises, Coca-Cola Amatil, Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company (CCHBC) and Coca-Cola FEMSA, but fully independent bottlers produce almost half of the volume sold in the world. Since independent bottlers add sugar and sweeteners, the sweetness of the drink differs in various split of the world, to cater for local tastes. Bottle and logo design picpic The first version of the famous bottle went into production in 1916. The famous Coca-Cola logotype was created by John Pembertons bookkeeper, Frank mason Robinson, in 1885.It was Robinson who came up with the name, and he also chose the logos distinctive cursive script. The typeface used, known as Spencerian script, was developed in the mid nineteenth century and was the dominant form of formal handwriting in the United States during that period. The equally famous Coca-Cola bottle, called the contour bottle within the company, but known to some as the hobble skirt bottle, was crea ted in 1915 by a Swedish former glassblower, Alexander Samuelson, who had emigrated to the U. S. in the 1880s and was employed as a anager at The Root Glass Company in Terre Haute, Indiana, one of Coca-Colas bottle suppliers. According to the Coca-Cola Company, Samuelson took time to ponder a possible new design for the bottle after production at his plant was shut down due to a heat wave. Inspired, he considered the possibility of basing a new design on the kola nut or coca leaf, two of the drinks flagship ingredients. He sent an employee to research the spirt of the two objects in question, but a misunderstanding led to the man returning with sketches of the cacao poda crucial ingredient in chocolate, but not Coca-Cola.According to the company, it was this mistaken design that was accepted and put into production. Although endorsed by the company, this version of events is not considered authoritative by many who cite its implausibility as difficult to believe. One alternative de piction has Raymond Loewy as the inventor of the unique design, but although Loewy did serve as a designer of Coke cans and bottles in later years, he was in the French Army in the year the bottle was invented and did not migrate topical anaesthetic CompetitorsPepsi is often second to Coke in terms of sales, but outsells Coca-Cola in some localities. Around the world, some local brands do compete with Coke. In South and Central America, Kola Real, known as Big Cola in Mexico, is a fast growing competitor to Coca-Cola. On the French island of Corsica, Corsica Cola, made by brewers of the local Pietra beer, is a growing competitor to Coca-Cola. In the French region of Bretagne, Breizh Cola is available. In Peru, Inca Kola outsells Coca-Cola. However, The Coca-Cola Company purchased the brand in 1999.In Sweden, Julmust outsells Coca-Cola during the Christmas season. In Scotland, the locally-produced Irn-Bru was more popular than Coca-Cola until 2005, when Coca-Cola and Diet Coke began to outpace its sales. In India, Coca-Cola ranks third behind the leader, Pepsi-Cola, and local drink Thumps Up. However, The Coca-Cola Company purchased Thumps Up in 1993. Tropical, a domestic drink is served in Cuba instead of Coca-Cola, in which there exists a United States embargo. Mecca Cola, in the Middle East, is a competitor to Coca-Cola.In Turkey, Cola Turka is a major competitor to Coca-Cola. In Iran and also many countries of Middle East, Zam Zam Cola and Parsi Cola are major competitors to Coca-Cola. In some parts of China, Future cola or can be bought. In Slovenia, the locally-produced Cocktail is a major competitor to Coca-Cola, as is the inexpensive Mercator Cola, which is sold only in the countrys biggest supermarket chain, Mercator. Finally, in Madagascar, Classiko Cola made by Tiko Group the largest manufactured company in the country is a serious competitor to Coca-Cola in many regions. AdvertisingCoca-Colas advertising has had a significant impact on American cul ture, and is frequently credited with the invention of the modern image of Santa Claus as an old man in red-and-white garments however, while the company did in fact start promoting this image in the 1930s in its winter advertising campaigns, it was already common before that. In fact, Coca-Cola was not even the first soft drink company to utilize the modern image Santa Claus in its advertising White Rock Beverages used Santa in advertisements for its ginger ale in 1923 after first using him to sell mineral water in 1915.In the 1970s, a song from a Coca-Cola commercial called Id Like to Teach the arena to Sing, produced by billy Davis, became a popular hit single. Coca-Cola has a policy of avoiding using children younger than the age of 12 in any of its advertising. This decision was made as a result of a lawsuit from the beginning of the 20th century that alleged that Cokes caffeine capability was dangerous to children. However, in recent generation, this has not stopped the c ompany from targeting young consumers. In addition, it has not been disclosed in exact terms how safe Coke is for consumption by young children (or pregnant mothers).Cokes advertising has been rather pervasive, as one of Woodruffs stated goals was to ensure that everyone on Earth drank Coca-Cola as their preferred beverage. Advertising for Coke is now almost ubiquitous, especially in southern areas of North America, such as Atlanta, where Coke was born. Some of the memorable Coca-Cola television commercials between 1960 through 1986 were written and produced by former Atlanta radio stage manager Don Naylor (WGST 1936-1950, WAGA 1951-1959) during his career as a producer for the McCann Erickson advertising agency.Many of these early television commercials for Coca-Cola featured movie stars, sports heroes, and popular singers of the day. During the 1980s, Pepsi-Cola ran a series of television advertisements demo people participating in taste tests essentially demonstrating that Fift y percent of the participants who said they preferred Coke actually chose the Pepsi. Statisticians were quick to point out the problematic nature of a 50/50 result that most likely all this really showed was that in blind tests, most people simply cannot tell the difference between Pepsi and Coke.Coca-Cola ran ads to combat Pepsis ads in an incident sometimes referred to as the cola wars one of Cokes ads compared the so-called Pepsi challenge to two chimpanzees deciding which tennis stumblebum was furrier. Thereafter, Coca-Cola regained its leadership in the market. Selena was a spokesperson for Coca-Cola from 1989 till the time of her death. She filmed three commercials for the company. In 1994 to commemorate her 5 years with the company, Coca-Cola issued special Selena coke bottles. In an attempt to broaden its portfolio, Coca-Cola purchased Columbia Pictures in 1982.Columbia provided subtle publicity through Coke product placements in many of its films while under Cokes ownershi p. However, after a few early successes, Columbia began to under-perform, and was dropped by the company in 1989. Coca-Cola has gone through a number of different advertising slogans in its long history, including The suspension system that refreshes, Id like to buy the world a Coke, and Coke is it (see Coca-Cola slogans). Sponsorship of Sporting Events Coca-Cola was the first-ever sponsor of the Olympic games, at the 1928 games in Amsterdam and has been an Olympics sponsor ever since.This bodied sponsorship included the 1996 Summer Olympics hosted in Atlanta, which allowed Coca-Cola to spotlight its hometown. Since 1978 Coca-Cola has sponsored each FIFA World Cup and other competitions organized by FIFA. In fact, one of the FIFA tournament trophy FIFA World Youth Championship from Tunisia in 1977 to Malaysia in 1997 was called FIFA Coca Cola Cup. In addition, Coca-Cola sponsors the annual Coca-Cola 600 for the NASCAR Nextel Cup auto racing series at Lowes repulse Speedway in Ch arlotte, North Carolina.Coca-Cola has a long history of sports marketing relationships, which over the years have included Major League Baseball, the National Football League, Criticisms Main article Criticism of Coca-Cola The Coca-Cola Company has been criticized for the alleged adverse health effects of its flagship product. However, a common criticism of Coke based on its allegedly unhealthful acidity levels has been found to be baseless by most researchers lawsuits based on these criticisms have been dismissed by several American courts for this reason.Most nutritionists advise that Coca-Cola and other soft drinks can be harmful if consumed excessively, particularly to young children whose soft drink consumption competes with, rather than complements, a balanced diet. Studies have shown that regular soft drink users have a lower intake of calcium (which can contribute to osteoporosis), magnesium, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and vitamin A. The drink has also aroused criticism for its use of caffeine, an addictive spirit which does not affect the products taste.Although numerous court cases have been filed against The Coca-Cola Company since the 1920s, alleging that the acidity of the drink is dangerous, no show up corroborating this claim has been found. Under normal conditions, scientific evidence indicates Coca-Colas acidity causes no immediate harm. Like most other colas, Coca-Cola contains phosphoric acid. One study has shown that this hastens bone loss, contributing to illnesses such as osteoporosis. There is also some concern regarding the usage of high fructose corn whisky syrup in the production of Coca-Cola.Since 1985 in the U. S. , Coke has been made with high fructose corn syrup, instead of sugar glucose or fructose, to reduce costs. This has come under criticism because of concerns that the corn used to produce corn syrup may come from genetically altered plants. Some nutritionists also caution against consumption of high fructose corn syrup because of possible links to obesity and diabetes. In India, there exists a major controversy concerning pesticides and other harmful chemicals in bottled products including Coca-Cola.In 2003, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization in New Delhi, said aerated irrigate produced by soft drinks manufacturers in India, including multinational giants PepsiCo and Coca-Cola, contained toxins including lindane, DDT, malathion and chlorpyrifos pesticides that can contribute to cancer and a breakdown of the immune system. Tested products included Coke, Pepsi, and several other soft drinks, many produced by The Coca-Cola Company.CSE found that the Indian produced Pepsis soft drink products had 36 times the level of pesticide residues permitted under European Union regulations Coca-Colas soft drink was found to have 30 times the permitted amount. CSE said it had tested the same products sold in the US and found no such residues. After the pesticide allega tions were made in 2003, Coca-Cola sales declined by 15%. In 2004, an Indian parliamentary committee backed up CSEs findings, and a government-appointed committee was tasked with developing the worlds first pesticide standards for soft drinks.The Coca-Cola Company has responded that its plants filter water to remove potential contaminants and that its products are tested for pesticides and must meet minimum health standards before they are distributed. In the Indian state of Kerala, sale and production of Coca-Cola, along with other soft drinks, was initially banned, before the High Court in Kerala overturned the ban ruling that only the federal official government can ban food products.In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration responded to reports that the carcinogen benzene was present in unhealthy levels in certain soft drinks by conducting a survey of more than 100 soft drinks and other beverages. Based on this limited survey, the FDA stated that it believes that t he results indicate that benzene levels are not a safety concern for consumers. picHistory pic One of the Coca-Cola Companys headquarters buildings in Atlanta, GA. Pharmacist John Stith Pemberton invented a coca wine called Pembertons French Wine Coca in 1884.He was inspired by the formidable success of French Angelo Marianis coca wine, Vin Mariani. The following year, when Atlanta and Fulton County passed Prohibition legislation, Pemberton began to develop a non-alcoholic version of the French Wine Coca. He named it Coca-Cola, because it included the stimulant coca leaves from South America and was flavored using kola nuts, a source of caffeine. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 that year in the Atlanta Journal.In 1887, while suffering from an ongoing addiction to morphine, Pemberton sold a stake in his company to Asa Griggs Candler, who incorporated it as the Coca Cola Corporation in 1888. In the same year, Pemberton sold the rights a second time to three more businessmen J. C. Mayfield, A. O. Murphy, and E. H. Blood worth. Meanwhile, Pembertons alcoholic son Charley Pemberton began selling his own version of the product. Three versions of Coca-Cola sold by three separate businesses were on the market.In 1899 Candler sold the exclusive rights, for $1 (USD) to bottle Coca-Cola in most of the United States to two entrepreneurs from Chattarnooga, TN, Benjamin Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead who subsequently founded the Coca-Cola Bottling Company In 1919 Candler sold his company to Atlanta banker Ernest Woodruff. According to the 2005 annual Report, the company sells beverage products in more than 200 countries. The report further states that of the more than 50 billion beverage servings of all types consumed worldwide every day, beverages bearing the trademarks owned by or licensed to Coca-Cola account for approximately 1. billion. Of these, beverages bearing the trademark Coca-Cola or Coke accounted for approximately 55% of th e Companys total gallon sales. Also according to the 2005 Annual Report, Coca-Cola had gallon sales distributed as follows 27% in the United States 27% in Mexico, Brazil, Japan and China 46% in spread throughout the world Bottlers In general, The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) and/or subsidiaries only produces (or produce) syrup concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold a Coca-Cola franchise.Coca-Cola bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise the resulting Coca-Cola product to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food service distributors. One notable exception to this general relationship between TCCC and bottlers is fountain syrups in the United States, where TCCC bypasses bottlers and is responsible for the manufacture and sale of fountain sy rups directly to authorized fountain wholesalers and some fountain retailers.In 2005, Coca-Cola had equity positions in 51 unconsolidated bottling, canning and distribution operations which produced approximately 58% of volume. Significant investees include 36% of Coca-Cola Enterprises which produces (by population) for 78% of USA, 98% of Canada and 100% of Great Britain (but not Northern Ireland), continental France and the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium and Monaco. 40% of Coca-Cola FEMSA, S. A. de C. V. which produces (by population) for 48% of Mexico, 16% of Brazil, 98% of Colombia, 47% of Guatemala, 100% of rib Rica, Nicaragua, Panama and Venezuela, and 30% of Argentina. 4% of Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company S. A. which produces (by population) for 67% of Italy and 100% of Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Nigeria, Northern Ireland, Poland, Rep. of Ireland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland and Ukraine. 34% of Coca-Cola Amatil which produces (by population) for 98% of Indonesia and 100% of Australia, Indonesia, New Zealand, South Korea, Fiji and Papua New Guinea. 7% of Coca-Cola Bottling Co. which is the second largest Coca-Cola bottler in the United States. The company was incorporated in 1980, and its predecessors have been in the soft drink manufacturing and distribution business since 1902. Products and brands pic pic Diet Coke was introduced in 1982 to offer an alternative to dieters worried about the high number of calories present in Classic Coke. Main article Coca-Cola brands The Coca-Cola Company offers nearly cd brands in over 200 countries, besides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage.This includes other varieties of Coca-Cola such as Diet Coke (introduced in 1982), which uses aspartame, a synthetic phenylalanine-based sweetener, to eliminate the sugar content of the drink Caffeine-free Coke Cherry Coke (1985) Diet Cherry Coke (1986) Coke with Lemon (2001) Diet Coke with Lemon (2001) Vanilla Coke (2002) Diet Vanilla Coke (2002) Coca-Cola C2 (2004) Coke with Lime (2004) Diet Coke with Lime (2004) Diet Coke with Splenda (2005), Coca-Cola Zero (2005), Coca-Cola macabre Cherry Vanilla (2006), Diet Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla (2006), and Coca-Cola BlaK. Information on brands of coca-cola picCoca-colaThe worlds favorite drink. The worlds most valuable brand. The most recognizable word crosswise the world after OK. Coca-Cola has a truly remarkable heritage. From a humble beginning in 1886, it is now the flagship brand of the largest manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverages in the world In India, Coca-Cola was the leading soft-drink till 1977 when govt. policies necessitated its departure. Coca-Cola made its return to the country in 1993 and made significant investments to ensure that the beverage is available to more and more people, even in the remote and inaccessible parts of the nation.Coca-Cola returned to India in 1993 and over the past ten years has captured the imagination of the nation, building strong associations with cricket, the thriving cinema industry, music etc. Coca-Cola has been very strongly associated with cricket, sponsoring the World Cup in 1996 and various other tournaments, including the Coca-Cola Cup in Sharjah in the late nineties. Coca-Colas advertising campaigns Jo Chaho Ho Jaye and Life ho to Aisi were very popular and had entered the youths vocabulary. In 2002, Coca-Cola launched the campaign Thanda Matlab Coca-Cola which sky-rocketed the brand to make it Indias favorite soft-drink brand.In 2003, Coke was available for just Rs. 5 across the country and this pricing initiative together with improved distribution ensured that all brands in the portfolio grew leaps and bounds. Coca-Cola had signed on various celebrities including movie stars such as Karishma Kapoor, cricketers such as Srinath, Sour av Ganguly, southern celebrities like Vijay in the past and today, its brand ambassadors are Aamir Khan, Aishwarya Rai, Vivek Oberoi and cricketer Virendra Sehwag. picFanta Internationally, Fanta The orange drink of The Coca-Cola Company, is seen as one of the favorite drinks since 1940s.Fanta entered the Indian market in the year 1993. Over the years Fanta has occupied a strong market place and is identified as The maneuver Catalyst. Perceived as a fun youth brand, Fanta stands for its vibrant color, tempting taste and tingling bubbles that not just uplifts feelings but also helps free spirit thus encouraging one to indulge in the moment. This positive imagery is associated with happy, cheerful and special times with friends. picGeorgia In the companys journey towards the vision leading the beverage revolution in India, now even Garam matlab Coca-Cola.A hot new launch from Coca-Cola India. Georgia, quality tea and coffee served from state of the art vending machines is positione d to tap into the nations biggest beverage category. Georgia, which promises a great tasting, consistent, hygienic and affordable cuppa is available in a range of picsizzling flavours, adrak, elaichi, masala and plain tea cappuccino, mochaccino and regular coffee. Georgia aims to become the consumers preferred choice of hot beverage when he is on the go the brand is well on course to achieving its visionWhile Georgia is a mass market offering, Georgia Gold is the premium brand which caters to the connoisseur. Made from freshly roasted and ground coffee beans, Georgia Gold is delicious tasting aroma with the tantalizing aroma of fresh coffee. Currently available exclusively at McDonalds outlets across the country Georgia Gold has driven coffee sales through the roof. The success of hot beverages from Georgia Gold has resulted in extension into the cold category, with the introduction of shabu Tea and Cold Coffee pic Kinley Water, a thirst quencher that refreshes, a life giving force that washes all the toxins away.A ritual purifier that cleanses, purifies, transforms. Water, the most basic need of life, the very sustenance of Life, a celebration of life itself. The importance of water can never be understated. Particularly in a nation such as India where water governs the lives of the millions, be it as part of everyday rituals or as the monsoon which gives life to the sub-continent. Kinley water understands the importance and value of this life giving force. Kinley water thus promises water that is as pure as it is meant to be. Water you can trust to be truly safe and pure.Kinley water comes with the assurance of safety from the Coca-Cola Company. That is why we introduced Kinley with reverse-osmosis along with the latest technology to ensure the purity of our product. Thats why we go through rigorous testing procedures at each and every location where Kinley is produced. Because we believe that right to pure, safe drinking water is fundamental. A universal n eed that cannot be left to chance picSprite Worldwide Sprite is ranked as the No. 4 soft drink. It is sold in more than 190 countries Worldwide Sprite is ranked as the No. soft drink & is sold in more than 190 countries. In India, Sprite was launched in year 1999 & todayit has grown to be one of the fastest growing soft drinks, leading the Clear lime category. Today Sprite is perceived as a youth icon. Why? With a strong appeal to the youth, Sprite has stood for a straight forward and honest attitude. Its clear crisp refreshing taste encourages the todays youth to trust their instincts, influence them to be true to who they are and to obey their thirst. picLimca Lime n lemony Limca, the drink that can eviscerate a tangy refreshing spell on anyone, anywhere.Born in 1971, Limca has been the original thirst choice, of millions of consumers for over 3 decades The brand has been displaying healthy volume growths year on year and Limca continues to be the leading flavor soft drink in the country. The success formula? The sharp fizz and lemony bite combined with the single minded positioning of the brand as the ultimate refresher has continuously strengthened the brand franchise. Limca energizes refreshes and transforms. Dive into the zingy refreshment of Limca and walk away a new person picMaaza Maaza was launched in 1976.Here was a drink that offered the same real taste of fruit juices and was available throughout the year. In 1993, Maaza was acquired by Coca-Cola India. Maaza currently dominates the fruit drink category. Over the years, brand Maaza has become synonymous with Mango. This has been the result of such successful campaigns like Taaza Mango, Maaza Mango and Botal mein Aam, Maaza hain Naam. Consumers regard Maaza as wholesome, the current advertising of Maaza positions it as an enabler of fun friendship moments between moms and kids as moms trust the brand and the kids love its taste.The campaign builds on the existing equity of the brand and delivers a relevant emotional upbeat to the moms rightly captured in the tagline Yaari Dosti Taaza Maaza picThums up Strong Cola Taste, Exciting Personality Thums Up is a leading carbonated soft drink and most swear brand in India. Originally introduced in 1977, Thums Up was acquired by The Coca-Cola Company in 1993 Thums Up is known for its strong, fizzy taste and its confident, mature and uniquely masculine attitude. This brand clearly seeks to separate the men from the boys Career at Coca-ColaEvery person who drinks a Coca-Cola enjoys a moment of refreshment and shares in an experience that millions of others have savored. And all of those individual experiences combined have created worldwide phenomenon. The Secret of Formula Commitment, tempered by Passion and seasoned with a great deal of Fun is the Coke way of life. Drawing upon our collective energies, this Secret Formula drives us to achieve greater results collaboratively and thoroughly enjoy ourselves while doing it The pace, en ergy and passion of our people constitute the invisible glue that make us one of the most sought after workplaces. Participative LeadershipRight from our interactions in the market, our Business Planning and our Brand launches, to our Employee Engagement Programs, our Values Agenda, and employee processes, every system is available for continuous improvement. A learning atmosphere, enabled by our Manifesto for Growth, helps us seek and replicate the learnings from within and outside our organization. Our Engagement syllabuss enable us to examine, validate and improve ourselves, constantly. Our colleagues involve themselves in our opportunities for participative leadership volunteering for work groups that assist decision-making in critical processes.CAMPUS RECRUITMENTS A taste of summer the Coca-Cola Summer Trainee Program is designed to facilitate the professional development of young talent and identify talented culture-fit employees for the companys Management Trainee program. T he Summer Trainee program provides a learning of the vagaries and complexities of our business from the ground up. With value-creating live projects, the intern begins appreciating the intricacies of his or her function and the impact that it has on business. The quality and content of projects provides an opportunity to complement your schoolroom learning with hands-on experience.The Coca-Cola Management Trainee Program is the first step towards developing business general managers. A structured assessment process at some of the countrys premier business schools ensures that we hire the right talent to groom them into senior management positions. A cross-functional training program spread over six months across the country builds an appreciation of the complexity of the business as well as help you understand the its interlink ages. The learning experience is also spiced up with value-creating projects in the functional stints. Ground learnings are further consolidated with tructu red classroom sessions from the field managers themselves and a Community Development stint helps the leaders of tomorrow to relate to their environment and reaffirms our commitment to the communities that we work in. Women Operations Trainees Program The WOTES program is based on the Company philosophy that reemphasizes Equal Opportunity and Meritocracy as a core value of the Companys operations. The program not only aims to grow the business in sync with the Companys diverse corporation and consumer base but also intends to engage confident educated Indian women to be an integral part of our organization.The WOTES or Women Operations Trainees Program is a concentrate Sales Training program for Women executives who will supplement the sales force in Frontline Sales. Spanning six-months the program consists of a three-month introduction to Sales the Coke way, followed by three months of on-the-job training at their prospective locations. The program imparts invaluable learning and an exposure to on-ground market conditions. At the end of the training, the WOTES will join the field force managing the sales operations across the country.We are guided by the shared values that guide us a Company and as individuals picLeadership The courage to shape a better future picPassion Committed in heart and mind picIntegrity Be real picAccountability If it is to be, its up to me picCollaboration Leverage collective genius picInnovation Seek, imagine, create, delight picQuality What we do, we do well Respecting Ideals We Have Grown With Coca-Cola treasures its people as the most valuable asset, and assert with pride the role its human resources have played in establishing a consistent set of ideals.The Company attributes its unabated growth momentum worldwide to the disciplined approach of its manpower, and promises to reward its employees by respecting these ideals to sustain its long-term growth plans, no matter how much the world and business structures undergo changes . Integrity Is Our Key Ingredient Of Success we believe our success primarily hinges on integrity, and hence, our unequivocal thrust is on ensuring quality control for each and every of our products, acting with a strong sense of accountability in everything we do.Integrating Our Global Brand With Local Perspectives Our people have always acknowledged that building and nurturing relationships with people and the world around us is an essential part of our work. No matter how big or complex our business becomes, we recognize the need to demonstrate complete respect for each other. As the world becomes more and more interconnected, yet more heavily rooted in local pride, identification of our interdependence with our stakeholders becomes even more essential.As we have expanded over the decades, our company has benefited from the various cultural insights and perspectives of the societies in which we do business. A large part of our relationship with the world around us is our relati onship with the physical world. While we have always sought to be slender to the environment, we must use our significant resources and capabilities to provide active leadership on environmental issues, particularly those relevant to our businesses.Much of our future success will depend on our ability to develop a worldwide team that is rich in its diversity of thinking, perspectives, backgrounds and culture. Coca-Cola is the worlds most inclusive brand, and Coca-Cola must also be the worlds most inclusive company Corporate response The Coca-Cola Company believes our business has always been based on the trust consumers everywhere place in ustrust that is earn by what we do as a corporate citizen and by our ability to live our values as a commercial enterprise.There is much in our world to celebrate, refresh, strengthen and protect. Through our actions as local citizens, we strive every day to refresh the marketplace, enrich the workplace, preserve the environment and strengthen o ur communities. At the heart of our business is the trust consumers place in us. They rightly expect that we are managing our business according to sound ethical principles, that we are enhancing the health of our communities, and that we are using natural resources responsibly. MediaTouching lives of a few more Fisherman- closer to 2nd anniversary of Tsunami Coca-Cola India Dedicates New Dockyard and Marketing Centre to Cuddlier Fishing Community Continuing its long-standing and ongoing support to communities affected by Tsunami in Tamil Nadu, Coca-Cola India and Hindustan Coca Cola Beverage Pvt. Ltd and to realize their common vision to strengthen the communities, dedicated a boat dockyard and a large Marketing Centre to the fishing community in Pudhukuppam, situated 25 kms from Cuddalore in Tamilnadu.This was done by organizing a large community militarization camp on November 26, 2006 in presence of hundreds of members of community, District Collector, representatives of our partner NGO- AFPRO and other dignitaries. The Dockyard facility aims to create new sparing opportunities for the fishing families in Pudhukuppam. While the dockyard will ensure that the boats will not get impacted during disasters and the marketing centre ensures that the fishermen get good price right at their doorstep. Earlier, Coca-Cola had provided fiber motorized boats and fishing nets to a group of 80 fishermen in adjoining village in the same area.The district collector Sh. Gagandeep Singh Bedi, present at the occasion, commended Coca-Colas effort for such a unique project post Tsunami, which will touch the lives of the poorest of the fisherman. Sh Bedi highlighted that the project is unique as not only it is first Dock Yard coming up post Tsunami but that the marketing centre will help touch lives of even the smallest of the fisherman. The boat dockyard and marketing center together are expect to considerably ease the burden of storage, transportation and sale of the catch for approximately 3000 fishing families that live in the surrounding area.Speaking on the occasion the Panchayat chairperson said that, This initiative by Coca-Cola India and Action for Food Production (AFPRO) to bring about a renewed economic change is heartily welcome. The new boat dockyard would enable the fishermen to dock their boats safely and the proximity of the dockyard to the main market and the road will ease the burden of transportation, preservation and disposal of the catch. He added that such corporate contributions are the only way the regions fishing community recently affected by the disastrous tsunami will regain economic stability.With the financial investment from Coca-Cola India, the dockyard is built with technical support from Action for Food Production (AFPRO), a socio-technical non-governmental organization working for the development of the rural poor through effective natural resource management solutions. The new dockyard has been constructed at a con venient location further inland on the backwaters and away from the coast so that boats can be safely anchored and can be protected from any natural calamity like tsunami

Major works data sheet for Rebecca Essay

Title Rebecca rootage Daphne du Maurier Date of Publication 1938 Genre Romance, Gothic, Mystery, Classic Biographical Information about the Author Daphne du Maurier was born on May 13, 1907, in London, England, the daughter of actor-manager Sir Gerald du Maurier. She was a popular novelist known for her suspenseful, romantic and sometimes supernatural plots. Her best known works atomic number 18 Rebecca and The Birds, both adapted to film by Alfred Hitchcock. Du Maurier was made a Dame Commander in the Order of the British Empire in 1969. She died in 1981 in Par, Cornwall, England. Historical Information about the period of PublicationCharacteristics of the genre Romanticism saw a shift from faith in reason to faith in the senses, feelings, and imagination a shift from interest in urban society to an interest in the rural and natural a shift from public. Gothic horror) is a genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance. Plot Summary Rebeccas narrative takes the form of a flash choke off. The heroine, who frame find outless, lives in Europe with her husband, dictum de Winter, traveling from hotel to hotel, harboring memories of a beautiful home called Manderley, which, we learn, has been destroyed by fire.The story begins with her memories of how she and Maxim firstborn met, in Monte Carlo, years before. In her flashback, the heroine is working as the childlike traveling companion to a wealthy American named Mrs. Van Hopper. In her flashback, Maxim is staying at the same hotel as the heroine and her employer, and after knowing the heroine for only a few weeks, he proposes marriage. She accepts, and he marries her and takes her back to his ancestral estate of Manderley. But a dark cloud hangs over their marriage Maxims first wife, Rebecca, drowned in a cove near Manderley the revious year, and her ghost haunts the newlyweds home.Rebeccas devoted housekeeper, the sinister Mrs. Danvers, is still in charge of Manderley, and she fright ens and intimidates her new mistress. Despite the encouragement of the house over computer, andiron Crawley, and Maxims sister, Beatrice, the heroine struggles in her new life at Manderley. She feels that she can never compare favorably to Rebecca, who was beautiful, talented, and brilliantor so everyone saysand soon she feels that Maxim is still in love with his dead wife. Manderley traditionally hosts a costume all each year, and it is soon time for the gala to take place.Swept up in the preparations, the heroines spirits begin to revive. But the ball ends in disaster on Mrs. Danverss suggestion she wears a costume that, it turns out, is the same nip off that Rebecca wore at the last ball. Upon seeing the heroine, Maxim is horrified, and the heroine becomes convinced that he will never love her, that he is still devoted to Rebecca. The following day, Mrs. Danvers almost convinces her to erase herself, and she only breaks away from the old womans spell when rockets go off over t he cove, signaling that a ship nas run aground.When divers be adrift near the grounded snip, they find the wreckage of Rebeccas sailboat, with Rebeccas dead body in the hold. This discovery prompts Maxim to tell the heroine the truth Rebecca was a malevolent, wicked woman, who lived a mystery life and carried on multiple affairs, including one with her cousin, Jack Favell. On the night of her death, Maxim had demanded a divorce, and she had refused, and told him that she was pregnant with Favells child. Furious, he seized a gun and mutable her, and then sailed out to the harbor in Rebeccas boat and sank it, with the body stowed safely inside.This revelation restores the heroines marriage, and enables her to finally shake off the burden of Rebeccas ghost. Meanwhile, however, the noose of Justice tightens around Maxim first, it is found that holes have been drilled in the bottom of Rebeccas boat luckily the coroner delivers a newspaper of suicide, rather than murder. But soon Reb eccas cousin Favell, certain that Rebecca did non kill herself, accuses Maxim of the crime. The local magistrate, Colonel Julyan, investigates, and finds that on the day of her death, Rebecca went up to London to see a Doctor Baker.Favell, Maxim, and he heroine accompany Julyan to London the heroine is certain that Baker will reveal that Rebecca was pregnant, thus revealing Maxims vengeful motive(prenominal) for murder. But instead, it turns out that Rebecca was dying of cancer, and that furthermore she was infertile she had lied to Maxim about her pregnancy. Her terminal illness now supplies a motive for Rebeccas divinatory suicide, and Maxim is saved. He and the heroine drive all night back to Manderley, stopping only once, when Maxim calls home and learns that Mrs. Danvers has disappeared. As they crest the ridge near the mansion, they catch down and find it in flames.Describe the authors style British writer that uses vivid and lengthy descriptions to describe nature. She is very detailed and descriptive, and used some poetical themes to strengthen her writing. An example that demonstrates her style The road to Manderley lay ahead. There was no moon. The sky above our heads was inky black. But the sky on the horizon was non dark at all. It was shot with crimson, like a splash of blood. And the ashes blew towards us with the salt wind from the sea. Memorable Quotes If only there could be an invention that bottled up a memory, like scent.And it never aded, and it never got stale. And then, when one wanted it, the bottle could be uncorked, and it would be like living the moment all over again. P 36 The quote shows how much the heroine enjoyed spending the quality time with Maxim and wanted their quality time to last a lifetime because she loved him so much. l wish I was a woman of about thirty-six dressed in black satin with a string of pearls. Heroine always wanted to depart because she believed that Maxim was still in love with Rebecca, so she bel ieved that she had to change to make him love her as much as he loved Rebecca.Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again. Heroine had dreams of Manderley a lot because it still haunted her even after it had been burned down. She did end up falling in love with it, yet all the baggage that came along with it was too much for her. Either you go to America with Mrs. Van Hopper or you come home to Manderley with me. Do you retrieve you want a secretary or something? No, Im asking you to marry me, you little fool. Maxim asks the heroine to marry him so that she can go back to Manderley with him instead of having to leave with Mrs.Van Hopper. The road to Manderley lay ahead. There was no moon. The sky above our heads was inky black. But the sky on the horizon was not dark at all. It was shot with crimson, like a splash of blood. And the ashes blew towards us with the salt wind from the sea. The mansion had been set fire by someone, and the details condition her are a great examp le of du Mauriers writing and the details and vivid descriptions that she gave throughout this novel. We all of us have our particular devil who ruses us and torments us, and we must give battle in the end. Maxim said this, because he has that devil of Rebecca still aunting him even though she has long been dead. Characters Name Role in the Story Significance Adjectives Heroine (Mrs. De Winter) Mr. de winters wife, and loyal supporter. She is the main character, But she is never named. Even throughout the entire book she never has a name besides Mrs. de Winter. She was a shy newcomer to Manderley and was kind of not liked by some especially Mrs. Danvers. Shy self- conscious Mr. de Winter (Maxim) The husband to Mrs. de Winter, and after to be revealed in the novel as the killer of his late wife Rebecca.The other main character of the husband to Mrs. e Winter. A cultured, intelligent honest-to-goodness man, and the owner of Manderley, a prized estate and mansion on the English coast. novel, Intelligent rich Mrs. Danvers Housekeeper of Manderley, was Rebeccas personal maid. The sinister housekeeper at Manderley. She was fiercely devoted to Rebecca, and remains devoted to her even after death. She despises the heroine for taking her mistresss place. Mean selfish rude Jack Favell Rebeccas Cousin Rebeccas cousin. Lacking oneness and given to alcoholic behavior, he was Rebeccas lover while she was married to Maxim.Crazy drunk Rebecca Maxims late wife, who was murdered by him. In life, Rebecca was the beautiful, much-loved, accomplished wife of Maxim de Winter, and the mistress of Manderley. Now a ghost, she haunts the mansion, and her presence torments the heroine after her marriage to Maxim. Beautiful cunning sneaky Mrs. Van Hopper Heroines employer at the beginning of the book A vulgar, gossipy and wealthy American woman. She employs the heroine as a companion while sne travels trom one European resort edged Setting town to another. Rude

The Dangers of Joyriding

1. a pleasure ride in an automobile, esp. when the vehicle is drive recklessly or used without the owners permission Monday, 1210 a. m. Seven Statesville teenagers, joy-riding in a stolen car, lost their bid to outrun a police cruiser. They left over the road at 100 mph, hit a tree and died instantly. The unlicensed driver was 15. On average, a car is stolen or broken into every 25 seconds. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people are killed or injured from car crimes.The victims could easily be one of your family or friends. Most car offenders are between 17 and 25 years old and most of them started offending between the ages of 13 and 16. Its a very serious problem that has been happening all over the country. Even if you were just trying to have a good time, many states find joyriding a serious offense. The main difference between joyriding and a tingle for grand theft auto depends on your intent. You could just want to borrow the car for a few hours, or actually steal it f rom the owner.One of the biggest dangers of joyriding is traffic accidents. many another(prenominal) teenagers who go joyriding are inexperienced and unlicensed. They go do it just to seem cool or to just go and have fun But its a very bad idea because you might get caught, or in an accident, unless youre a very good driver. But if youre a very good driver, you should have your license already. In conclusion, this is why you should never take a car without asking first or having a license.

Learning Team IRAC Brief Essay

learnedness Team B was tasked to study the IRAC method of case study analysis, and select one legal case from a current event that has taken place inside the past two years relevant to this weeks objectives. After selecting a current case, Learning Team B prepared a case brief using the IRAC method. Learning Team B selected the unite States v. Jones case, which was decided January 23, 2012. Learning Team B was also tasked to provide an explanation of how the legal concepts in the United States v. Jones case could be applied within a work managerial oscilloscope. The government issued a warrant to place a Global Positioning System on the personal fomite of Jones to track any unlawful behavior. For 28 days, the government monitored the vehicle and it subsequently secured an indictment of Jones and others on drug trafficking conspiracy charges (United states v., 2012). The issue is that a violation of the quaternate Amendment may be in question. The question in this case is whether or not the vehicle that was fitted with the GPS is considered real or personal property.Also how is the vehicle stem to government management only on unrestricted property? Could the vehicle be subject to the real or personal property laws protected under the fourth Amendment? The question remains if the vehicle rotter be exploreed using the GPS only part of the time. The dallys ruling still does not clearly define what the fourth amendment covers as real or personal property. The definition of the Fourth Amendment is not completely clear on exactly what the real or personal property is defined as or if it is reasonable foresight of privacy as defined by society or a court of law. The law protects reasonable candidates of privacy, but the Supreme beg has refused to provide a consistent explanation for what makes an expectation of privacy reasonable (Kerr, 2007, p. 503).The Fourth Amendment can be applied to a business managerial setting by protecting workers rights to pr ivacy somewhat. Any use of work property, including e-mail and Internet is subject to inspection by the company. There is a reasonable expectation of privacy in the workplace if an employee has an office. If the employee is in thefront of the work environment conversations or anything in plain view can be subject to practice of law search. According to Surveillance Self-Defense (2013), A big question in determining whether your expectation of privacy is reasonable and protected by the Fourth Amendment arises when you lay down knowingly exposed something to another person or to the overt at large (Reasonable Expectation of Privacy). If a person is exposes intended personal information or property to a third party that reasonable expectation of privacy is no longer valid.The Fourth Amendment is part of the Bill of Rights, and the Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments of the United States Constitution. The Fourth Amendment protects the rights of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures (Gatewood, 2013, p. 1). The government can use GPS to track an individual movement if they believe a crime have been committed. If law enforcement wants to obtain a warrant for a GPS device to be installed on an individual car, he or she must be able to convince a judge that a crime has been committed. They must also provide the judge with information about the place that will be searched, and the individual or thing to be seized (Hughes & Burton, 2013, p. 1).In this court case, the agents obtained a warrant, but they did not comply with two of the warrants restrictions. First, they did not install the GPS device within the 10-day period that was required by the provision of the warrant. Second, the GPS device supposed to be installed in the vehicle in the District of Columbia, as required by the form of the warrant. The government installs the GPS device on the vehicle in a public parking space in Mar yland (McKenzie, 2002, p. 1). According to McKenzie (2002), the vehicle is an effect as the term is used in the Amendment, and this is a violation of the Fourth Amendment. An organization that use any form of GPS device on an individual vehicle would be violating the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment was implemented to safeguard the rights of citizens, and to make sure that his or her privacy is not violated in any way (McKenzie, 2002, p. 1).A public management can conduct a mixed-motive search of an employers workplace, seeking to discover evidence of worker move, as well as evidence the worker has committed a crime. For example, a search of a computer of a worker who has been downloading child pornography implicates both personnel misconduct and criminal concern. Courts assessing whether to support the OConnor reasonableness standard or the more traditional Fourth Amendment probable cause and warrant requirements of these mix-motive searches have applied OConnor, reasonable ness standard. Certainly, as explained by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, OConnors objective of ensuring that an efficient workplace should not be frustrated simply because the similar misconduct that violates a government managements rule, and it is also illegal (Koster, 2007, p. 1).A community employer can conduct searches related to the workplace such as to welcome a missing file or to investigate workplace misconduct, in compliance with the Fourth Amendment without probable cause or a warrant. A job-related search is constitutionally allowable as long as they are reasonable expectation of privacy. Furthermore, even if the search does infringe on a workers reasonable expectation of privacy, the search will deemed reasonable in accordance with the Fourth Amendment it is justified as its inception and permissible in scope (Koster, 2007, p. 1).In George Orwells 1984, the citizens of the dystopian, totalitarian country of Oceania are subjected to a grim rea lity of constant government surveillance. In difference, technology is necessary to fulfill Orwells nightmare is far closer to fact than fiction. For example, the unfermented prognosticate while using its GPS function is an indispensable component for numerous road trips this global device has many a(prenominal) of the same capabilities as 1984 feared telescreen.In the United States v. Jones, the Supreme Court of the United States concluded that police violated the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution when they attached the GPS-enabled trailing device to the defendants vehicle and used it to monitor the cars movements for 28 days (Maryland legal philosophy Review, pg. 998). Jones highlights two uniquely prescientconcerns The touch on of modern information-sharing technology on individual privacy, and what limits ought to be placed on impartiality enforcement from using such technology unrestricted by physical boundaries (Maryland Law Review, pg. 999).The U.S. Su preme Court affirmed the judgment of the lower court and held that without a warrant, the installation of the GPS tracking device constituted an unlawful search under the Fourth Amendment (United states v., 2012). The government had argued a person did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy on public streets but the U.S. Supreme court rejected this argument. The U.S. Supreme court ruled a person does have a reasonable expectation of privacy on public streets regardless of how the GPS tracking device is placed on the persons vehicle. The U.S. Supreme Court also ruled that todays surveillance technology is very good but still creates a physical intrusion into a persons reasonable expectation of privacy protected under the Fourth Amendment (United states v., 2012).This ruling is very important in todays business world as technology rapidly advances. The current generation of workers is very flourishing with advanced technology but still have the basic expectations of privacy th at workers had 20 years ago. Companies can track email conversations, locate company smart phones using GPS technology, locate, and monitor routes of company vehicles, and even video tape activity at their locations. It is important that an organization brief and ensure each employee acknowledges the reasonable expectation of privacy policies. If a company issues a smart phone to an employee and employ GPS tracking on the phone, the employee must be informed his or her smart phone will be monitored. If a company installs GPS tracking devices on their vehicles the driver of that vehicle must be informed his or her route and movement is subject to company monitoring at all times. If a company video monitors its employees, employees must sign an acknowledgment understanding their movement with the organization is monitored and recorded during the business day. Advanced technology is a tool to reduce fraud in the workplace but cannot violate an employees right to privacy under the Fourt h Amendment.ReferencesGatewood, J. (2013). Its raining Katz and Jones The implications of United States v. Jones- A case of sound and fury. Pace Law Review, 33(2), 683-715. Retrieved from http//Web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com George Orwell Nineteen Eighty-Four, 1988, The Evolving Fourth Amendment United States vs. Jones, The information cloud, and the right to exclude, Ber An Pan, 1993 Hughes, T. & Burton, C. (2013). Police GPS surveillance on vehicles and the warrant Requirement For a while Ive been watching you steady. American Journal Of Criminal Justice, 38(4), 535-550.doi10.1007/s12103-012-9185-z. Retrieved from http//web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com Kerr, O.S. (2007, November). Four Models of Fourth Amendment Protection. Stanford Law Review, 60(2), 503-551. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/224069628?accountid=35812 McKenzie, D. (2002). What were they weed? The Supreme Courts latest step in a long Strange trip through the Fourth Amendment . Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 93(1), 153. Retrieved from http//web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com Koster, P. R. (2007). Workplace searches by public employers and the Fourth Amendment. Urban Lawyer, 39(1). 75-84. Retrieved from http//web.ebscohost.comezproxy. Apollolibrary.com Surveillance Self-Defense. (2013). Retrieved from https//ssd.eff.org/your-computer/govt/privacy U.S. Supreme Court, (2012). United states v. jones (No. 101259). Retrieved from website http//www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/10-1259.pdf